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KMID : 0903520090520020168
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Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology
2009 Volume.52 No. 2 p.168 ~ p.175
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Induction of Apoptosis in SNU-16 Human Gastric Cancer Cells by the Chloroform Fraction of an Extract of Dangyuja (Citrus grandis) Leaves
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Moon Jeong-Yong
Kim Ha-Na
Cho Moon-Jae
Chang Weon-Young
Kim Cheong-Tae
Cho Somi K.
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Abstract
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The anticancer effect of Dangyuja (Citrus grandis Osbeck) leaf extract was investigated using SNU-16 human gastric cancer cells. Maximum cytotoxicity was observed from the chloroform fraction (CF) of the extract. Cell death was dose-dependent (IC50=ca. 92.15 μg/mL), and was characterized by apoptotic body formation and DNA fragmentation. Flowcytometric analysis showed that treatment of CF resulted in a marked accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed by caspase-3 activity assays and immunoblotting using antibodies against Bid, Bcl-2, Bax, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-9, caspase-8, caspase-7, and caspase-3. Analyses of the CF by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry tentatively identified 21 compounds, including linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, α-amyrin, γ-sitosterol, dihydrolanosterol, methyl palmitate, and nobiletin. These results provided the first evidence that the CF of a Dangyuja leaf extract induces apoptosis in SNU-16 cells. Our findings may lead to new strategies for the treatment of human gastric cancer.
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KEYWORD
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apoptosis, Bcl-2 family, caspase-3 activity, Dangyuja, SNU-16 human gastric cancer cell
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